Is It Food Poisoning? Understanding the Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

"Was it something I ate?" This dreaded question often crosses our minds when we're doubled over with stomach pain and headed to the bathroom, again. 

Food poisoning, also known as a foodborne illness, is a common yet potentially serious health concern. Every year, 48 million people in the United States are sickened by foodborne illnesses. Symptoms can range from an upset stomach to more severe complications that require hospitalization.

To help us understand this widespread issue, Crystal Fehr, RN, Ambulatory Nurse Supervisor with Lee Health Adult Gastroenterology, shares insights and tips about food poisoning, its symptoms, and how to prevent it from happening to help you stay safe and healthy.

What is food poisoning?

“Foods or beverages that contain harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, or viruses, can cause food poisoning,” Crystal says. “Common symptoms include stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and headache. These can appear anywhere from a few hours to several days after consuming the contaminated food or beverage, which sometimes can make it difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of your stomach upset.”

Food can get contaminated in a variety of ways. Some of the more common culprits are bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria, as well as viruses like Norovirus, Crystal explains.

“Each of these pathogens can cause different types of foodborne illness, but the key factor is that they all originate from improper food handling or preparation,” Crystal says. “You can also get sick from harmful chemicals and toxins which have contaminated your food.”

Proper food handling can make all the difference

"Proper food handling is crucial to preventing food poisoning,” Crystal says. “Simple steps like washing hands and cooking food to the right temperature can make a big difference."

She offers these tips to reduce your risk of food poisoning:

• Keep it clean: Always wash your hands, utensils, and surfaces before and after food preparation. Wash raw produce thoroughly.
• Keep food separated: Keep raw meats, eggs, and other potentially infectious foods separate from fresh produce and cooked foods to avoid cross-contamination.
• Cook to perfection: Cook meats and seafood to the recommended temperatures to kill harmful germs. “Don’t guess,” Crystal advises. “Use a thermometer to make sure.”
• Chill promptly: Refrigerate or freeze food within two hours of cooking. "Bacteria grow quickly at room temperature, so it's important to store food properly," Crystal says. She adds that expired or smelly dairy products should be disposed of and to check your refrigerator regularly for mold.

Prevention starts at the grocery store

When it comes to keeping your family safe from foodborne illnesses, the best place to start is the grocery store, according to Crystal. Food shoppers should practice these steps when browsing the aisles:

• Check expiration dates and avoid buying anything past its use-by date.
• Inspect the packaging for dents, damage, or leaks.
• Examine eggs for cracks or dirt.
• Purchase high-risk foods like dairy and frozen items at the end of your shopping trip.
• Keep hot and cold foods separate during transport.
• Store food promptly and properly once you’re home.

Are you at high risk for food poisoning?

Each year in the United States, 128,000 people are hospitalized from foodborne illness, and 3,000 die of it, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While anyone can get a foodborne illness, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe effects, Crystal notes.

“This includes individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those who are pregnant, have chronic illnesses, are on certain medications, or are very young or elderly,” she says. 

If you’re among these groups, Crystal advises you to take extra precautions with food safety and seek medical attention promptly if you suspect food poisoning.

What to do if you have food poisoning

Everyone’s body reacts differently to the pathogens that cause food poisoning. Even if your whole family shared an ill-fated meal, not everyone may get sick. If you think you have food poisoning, the first step is to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.

"Drinking fluids like Pedialyte or other electrolyte solutions can help replace lost fluids and prevent dehydration,” Crystal says. “Water and clear broths can help, too. Most cases of food poisoning last 12 to 48 hours for healthy people. If your symptoms last longer than two days, see your doctor. If the food poisoning is caused by bacteria, you might need antibiotics, and if it’s due to a parasite, antiparasitic medications may be required. In some cases, medical treatment may be necessary.”

Crystal adds the cautionary note: If you experience severe symptoms or are part of a high-risk group, you should seek prompt medical attention.

Food poisoning is a common but preventable illness. Understanding its causes and following proper food safety practices can significantly reduce your risk. 

"Simple steps can make a big difference in preventing food poisoning,” Crystal says. “Stay informed, practice good food safety habits, and enjoy your meals.” 

Lee Health Adult Gastroenterolgy

At Lee Health, our gastroenterology team specializes in diagnosing and treating a wide range of gastrointestinal issues. From preventive care to advanced treatment options, our experts are dedicated to improving your digestive health and enhancing your quality of life. 

Call 239-343-6202 to schedule a consultation or an appointment today.

Pediatric Gastroenterology Specialists

Our Pediatric Gastroenterologists are on staff and perform procedures at Golisano Children’s Hospital of Southwest Florida, the only children’s hospital between Tampa and Miami. Our experts diagnose and manage common and complex GI and liver disorders.

To learn more or schedule an appointment with one of our pediatric gastroenterologists, call 239-254-4270.